#!/bin/bash
# $Id: iso2usb.sh,v 1.6 2015/11/29 15:07:35 root Exp root $
#
# Copyright 2015 Eric Hameleers, Eindhoven, NL
# All rights reserved.
#
# Redistribution and use of this script, with or without modification, is
# permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
#
# 1. Redistributions of this script must retain the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
# WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
# MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO
# EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
# PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
# OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
# WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
# OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
# ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
# Be careful:
set -e
# Set to '1' if you want to ignore all warnings:
FORCE=0
# By default, we use 'persistence' as the name of the persistence directory:
PERSISTENCE="persistence"
# Set to '1' if the script should not ask any questions:
UNATTENDED=0
# By default do not show file operations in detail:
VERBOSE=0
# Seconds to add to the initrd as wait-for-root value:
WAIT=5
# Define ahead of time, so that cleanup knows about them:
IMGDIR=""
EFIMNT=""
ISOMNT=""
USBMNT=""
#
# -- function definitions --
#
# Clean up in case of failure:
cleanup() {
# Clean up by unmounting our loopmounts, deleting tempfiles:
echo "--- Cleaning up the staging area..."
# During cleanup, do not abort due to non-zero exit code:
set +e
sync
[ -n "${EFIMNT}" ] && ( /sbin/umount -f ${EFIMNT} 2>/dev/null; rmdir $EFIMNT )
[ -n "${ISOMNT}" ] && ( /sbin/umount -f ${ISOMNT} 2>/dev/null; rmdir $ISOMNT )
[ -n "${USBMNT}" ] && ( /sbin/umount -f ${USBMNT} 2>/dev/null; rmdir $USBMNT )
[ -n "${IMGDIR}" ] && ( rm -rf $IMGDIR )
set -e
}
trap 'echo "*** $0 FAILED at line $LINENO ***"; cleanup; exit 1' ERR INT TERM
showhelp() {
cat <<EOT
#
# Purpose: to transfer the content of Slackware's Live ISO image
# to a standard USB thumb drive (which will be formatted and wiped!)
# and thus create a Slackware Live USB media.
#
# Your USB thumb drive may contain data!
# This data will be *erased* !
#
# $(basename $0) accepts the following parameters:
# -f|--force Ignore most warnings (except the back-out)
# -h|--help This help
# -i|--infile <filename> Full path to the ISO image file
# -o|--outdev <filename> The device name of your USB drive
# -p|--persistence <dirname> Custom name of the 'persistence' directory
# -u|--unattended Do not ask any questions
# -v|--verbose Show verbose messages
# -w|--wait<number> Pause boot <number> seconds to initialize USB
#
# Example:
#
# $(basename $0) -i ~/download/slackware64-live-14.2.iso -o /dev/sdX
#
EOT
}
# Add longer USB WAIT to the initrd:
update_initrd() {
# USB boot medium needs a few seconds boot delay else the overlay will fail.
# Check if we need to update the wait-for-root file in the initrd:
OLDWAIT=$(gunzip -cd ${USBMNT}/boot/initrd.img |cpio -i --to-stdout wait-for-root 2>/dev/null)
[ "$OLDWAIT" = "$WAIT" ] && return
if [ -z "$IMGDIR" ]; then
# Create a temporary extraction directory for the initrd:
mkdir -p /mnt
IMGDIR=$(mktemp -d -p /mnt -t alienimg.XXXXXX)
if [ ! -d $IMGDIR ]; then
echo "*** Failed to create a temporary extraction directory for the initrd!"
exit 1
fi
fi
chmod 711 $IMGDIR
echo "--- Extracting Slackware initrd and adding rootdelay for USB..."
cd ${IMGDIR}
gunzip -cd ${USBMNT}/boot/initrd.img \
| cpio -i -d -H newc --no-absolute-filenames
echo "--- Updating 'waitforroot' time from '$OLDWAIT' to '$WAIT':"
echo ${WAIT} > wait-for-root
echo "--- Compressing the initrd image again:"
chmod 0755 ${IMGDIR}
find . |cpio -o -H newc |gzip > ${USBMNT}/boot/initrd.img
cd - 2>/dev/null
rm -rf $IMGDIR/*
} # End of update_initrd()
#
# -- end of function definitions --
#
# Parse the commandline parameters:
if [ -z "$1" ]; then
showhelp
exit 1
fi
while [ ! -z "$1" ]; do
case $1 in
-f|--force)
FORCE=1
shift
;;
-h|--help)
showhelp
exit
;;
-i|--infile)
SLISO="$(cd $(dirname $2); pwd)/$(basename $2)"
shift 2
;;
-o|--outdev)
TARGET="$2"
shift 2
;;
-p|--persistence)
PERSISTENCE="$2"
shift 2
;;
-u|--unattended)
UNATTENDED=1
shift
;;
-v|--verbose)
VERBOSE=1
RVERBOSE=" -v --progress "
shift
;;
-w|--wait)
WAIT="$2"
shift 2
;;
*)
echo "*** Unknown parameter '$1'!"
exit 1
;;
esac
done
# Before we start:
[ -x /bin/id ] && CMD_ID="/bin/id" || CMD_ID="/usr/bin/id"
if [ "$($CMD_ID -u)" != "0" -a $FORCE -eq 0 ]; then
echo "*** You need to be root to run $(basename $0)."
exit 1
fi
# More sanity checks:
if [ -z "$TARGET" -o -z "$SLISO" ]; then
echo "*** You must specify both the Live ISO filename and the USB devicename!"
exit 1
fi
if [ ! -f $SLISO -a $FORCE -eq 0 ]; then
echo "*** This is not a useable file: '$SLISO' !"
exit 1
fi
if [ ! -b $TARGET -a $FORCE -eq 0 ]; then
echo "*** Not a block device: '$TARGET' !"
exit 1
elif [ "$(echo ${TARGET%[0-9]})" != "$TARGET" -a $FORCE -eq 0 ]; then
echo "*** You need to point to the USB device, not a partition ($TARGET)!"
exit 1
fi
# Are all the required not-so-common add-on tools present?
PROG_MISSING=""
for PROGN in blkid cpio extlinux fdisk gdisk iso-info mkdosfs sgdisk ; do
if ! PATH="/sbin:$PATH" which $PROGN 1>/dev/null 2>/dev/null ; then
PROG_MISSING="${PROG_MISSING}-- $PROGN\n"
fi
done
if [ ! -z "$PROG_MISSING" ] ; then
echo "-- Required program(s) not found in root's PATH!"
echo -e ${PROG_MISSING}
echo "-- Exiting."
exit 1
fi
# Confirm wipe:
cat <<EOT
#
# We are going to format this device (erase all data) - '$TARGET':
# Vendor : $(cat /sys/block/$(basename $TARGET)/device/vendor)
# Model : $(cat /sys/block/$(basename $TARGET)/device/model)
# Size : $(( $(cat /sys/block/$(basename $TARGET)/size) / 2048)) MB
#
# FDISK OUTPUT:
EOT
echo q |/sbin/gdisk -l $TARGET 2>/dev/null | while read LINE ; do echo "# $LINE" ; done
if [ $UNATTENDED -eq 0 ]; then
cat <<EOT
*** ***
*** If this is the wrong drive, then press CONTROL-C now! ***
*** ***
EOT
read -p "Or press ENTER to continue: " JUNK
# OK... the user was sure about the drive...
fi
# Get the LABEL used for the ISO:
LIVELABEL=$(/sbin/blkid -s LABEL -o value ${SLISO})
# Use sgdisk to wipe and then setup the USB device:
# - 1 MB BIOS boot partition
# - 100 MB EFI system partition
# - Let Slackware have the rest
# - Make the Linux partition "legacy BIOS bootable"
# Make sure that there is no MBR nor a partition table anymore:
dd if=/dev/zero of=$TARGET bs=512 count=1 conv=notrunc
# The first sgdisk command is allowed to have non-zero exit code:
/sbin/sgdisk -og $TARGET || true
/sbin/sgdisk \
-n 1:2048:4095 -c 1:"BIOS Boot Partition" -t 1:ef02 \
-n 2:4096:208895 -c 2:"EFI System Partition" -t 2:ef00 \
-n 3:208896:0 -c 3:"Slackware Linux" -t 3:8300 \
$TARGET
/sbin/sgdisk -A 3:set:2 $TARGET
# Show what we did to the USB stick:
/sbin/sgdisk -p -A 3:show $TARGET
# Create filesystems:
# Not enough clusters for a 32 bit FAT:
/sbin/mkdosfs -s 2 -n "DOS" ${TARGET}1
/sbin/mkdosfs -F32 -s 2 -n "EFI" ${TARGET}2
# KDE tends to automount.. so try an umount:
if /sbin/mount |grep -qw ${TARGET}3 ; then /sbin/umount ${TARGET}3 || true ; fi
/sbin/mkfs.ext4 -F -F -L "${LIVELABEL}" -m 0 ${TARGET}3
/sbin/tune2fs -c 0 -i 0 ${TARGET}3
# Create temporary mount points for the ISO file:
mkdir -p /mnt
EFIMNT=$(mktemp -d -p /mnt -t alienefi.XXXXXX)
if [ ! -d $EFIMNT ]; then
echo "*** Failed to create a temporary mount point for the ISO!"
exit 1
else
chmod 711 $EFIMNT
fi
ISOMNT=$(mktemp -d -p /mnt -t alieniso.XXXXXX)
if [ ! -d $ISOMNT ]; then
echo "*** Failed to create a temporary mount point for the ISO!"
exit 1
else
chmod 711 $ISOMNT
fi
# Find out if the ISO contains an EFI bootloader and use it:
EFIBOOT=0
EFIOFFSET=$(/sbin/fdisk -lu ${SLISO} 2>/dev/null |grep EFI |tr -s ' ' | cut -d' ' -f 2)
if [ -n "$EFIOFFSET" ]; then
# Mount the EFI partition so we can retrieve the EFI bootloader:
/sbin/mount -o loop,offset=$((512*$EFIOFFSET)) ${SLISO} ${EFIMNT}
if [ ! -f ${EFIMNT}/EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi ]; then
echo "-- Note: UEFI boot file 'bootx64.efi' not found on ISO."
echo "-- UEFI boot will not be supported"
else
EFIBOOT=1
fi
fi
# Create a temporary mount point for the USB device:
mkdir -p /mnt
USBMNT=$(mktemp -d -p /mnt -t alienusb.XXXXXX)
if [ ! -d $USBMNT ]; then
echo "*** Failed to create a temporary mount point for the USB device!"
exit 1
else
chmod 711 $USBMNT
fi
# Loop-mount the ISO (or 1st partition if this is a hybrid ISO):
/sbin/mount -o loop ${SLISO} ${ISOMNT}
if [ $EFIBOOT -eq 1 ]; then
# Mount the EFI partition and copy /EFI as well as /boot directories into it:
/sbin/mount -t vfat -o shortname=mixed ${TARGET}2 ${USBMNT}
mkdir -p ${USBMNT}/EFI/BOOT
rsync -rlptD ${ISOMNT}/EFI/BOOT/* ${USBMNT}/EFI/BOOT/
mkdir -p ${USBMNT}/boot
rsync -rlptD ${ISOMNT}/boot/* ${USBMNT}/boot/
# Add more USB WAIT seconds to the initrd:
update_initrd ${USBMNT}/boot/initrd.img
fi
# No longer needed:
/sbin/umount ${USBMNT}
/sbin/umount ${EFIMNT}
# Mount the Linux partition:
/sbin/mount -t auto ${TARGET}3 ${USBMNT}
# Copy the ISO content into the USB Linux partition:
echo "--- Copying files from ISO to USB... takes some time."
rsync -a ${RVERBOSE} --exclude=EFI ${ISOMNT}/* ${USBMNT}/
# Write down the version of the ISO image:
VERSION=$(iso-info ${SLISO} |grep Application |cut -d: -f2- 2>/dev/null)
if [ -n "$VERSION" ]; then
echo "$VERSION" > ${USBMNT}/.isoversion
fi
# Add more USB WAIT seconds to the initrd:
update_initrd ${USBMNT}/boot/initrd.img
# Create persistence directory:
mkdir -p ${USBMNT}/${PERSISTENCE}
# Use extlinux to make the USB device bootable:
echo "--- Making the USB drive '$TARGET' bootable using extlinux..."
mv ${USBMNT}/boot/syslinux ${USBMNT}/boot/extlinux
mv ${USBMNT}/boot/extlinux/isolinux.cfg ${USBMNT}/boot/extlinux/extlinux.conf
rm ${USBMNT}/boot/extlinux/isolinux.*
/sbin/extlinux --install ${USBMNT}/boot/extlinux
# Unmount/remove stuff:
cleanup
# Install a GPT compatible MBR record:
if [ -f /usr/share/syslinux/gptmbr.bin ]; then
cat /usr/share/syslinux/gptmbr.bin > ${TARGET}
else
echo "*** Failed to make USB device bootable - 'gptmbr.bin' not found!"
exit 1
fi
# THE END
