summaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/iso2usb.sh
blob: 680fc29fbefe44139aa94c04f48f5be787798ff3 (about) (plain) (blame)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
#!/bin/bash
# $Id: iso2usb.sh,v 1.6 2015/11/29 15:07:35 root Exp root $
#
# Copyright 2015, 2016  Eric Hameleers, Eindhoven, NL
# All rights reserved.
#
# Redistribution and use of this script, with or without modification, is
# permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
#
# 1. Redistributions of this script must retain the above copyright
#    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
#
#  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
#  WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
#  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO
#  EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
#  SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
#  PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
#  OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
#  WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
#  OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
#  ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

# Be careful:
set -e

# Set to '1' if you want to ignore all warnings:
FORCE=0

# By default, we use 'persistence' as the name of the persistence directory:
PERSISTENCE="persistence"

# Set to '1' if the script should not ask any questions:
UNATTENDED=0

# By default do not show file operations in detail:
VERBOSE=0

# Seconds to add to the initrd as wait-for-root value:
WAIT=5

# Define ahead of time, so that cleanup knows about them:
IMGDIR=""
EFIMNT=""
ISOMNT=""
USBMNT=""

#
#  -- function definitions --
#

# Clean up in case of failure:
cleanup() {
  # Clean up by unmounting our loopmounts, deleting tempfiles:
  echo "--- Cleaning up the staging area..."
  # During cleanup, do not abort due to non-zero exit code:
  set +e
  sync
  [ -n "${EFIMNT}" ] && ( /sbin/umount -f ${EFIMNT} 2>/dev/null; rmdir $EFIMNT )
  [ -n "${ISOMNT}" ] && ( /sbin/umount -f ${ISOMNT} 2>/dev/null; rmdir $ISOMNT )
  [ -n "${USBMNT}" ] && ( /sbin/umount -f ${USBMNT} 2>/dev/null; rmdir $USBMNT )
  [ -n "${IMGDIR}" ] && ( rm -rf $IMGDIR )
  set -e
}
trap 'echo "*** $0 FAILED at line $LINENO ***"; cleanup; exit 1' ERR INT TERM

showhelp() {
cat <<EOT
#
# Purpose: to transfer the content of Slackware's Live ISO image
#   to a standard USB thumb drive (which will be formatted and wiped!)
#   and thus create a Slackware Live USB media. 
#
# Your USB thumb drive may contain data!
# This data will be *erased* !
#
# $(basename $0) accepts the following parameters:
#   -f|--force                 Ignore most warnings (except the back-out)
#   -h|--help                  This help
#   -i|--infile <filename>     Full path to the ISO image file
#   -o|--outdev <filename>     The device name of your USB drive
#   -p|--persistence <dirname> Custom name of the 'persistence' directory
#   -u|--unattended            Do not ask any questions
#   -v|--verbose               Show verbose messages
#   -w|--wait<number>          Pause boot <number> seconds to initialize USB

#
# Example:
#
# $(basename $0) -i ~/download/slackware64-live-14.2.iso -o /dev/sdX
#
EOT
}

# Add longer USB WAIT to the initrd:
update_initrd() {
  # USB boot medium needs a few seconds boot delay else the overlay will fail.

  # Check if we need to update the wait-for-root file in the initrd:
  OLDWAIT=$(gunzip -cd ${USBMNT}/boot/initrd.img |cpio -i --to-stdout wait-for-root 2>/dev/null)
  [ "$OLDWAIT" = "$WAIT" ] && return
  
  if [ -z "$IMGDIR" ]; then
    # Create a temporary extraction directory for the initrd:
    mkdir -p /mnt
    IMGDIR=$(mktemp -d -p /mnt -t alienimg.XXXXXX)
    if [ ! -d $IMGDIR ]; then
      echo "*** Failed to create a temporary extraction directory for the initrd!"
      exit 1
    fi
  fi
  chmod 711 $IMGDIR

  echo "--- Extracting Slackware initrd and adding rootdelay for USB..."
  cd ${IMGDIR}
    gunzip -cd ${USBMNT}/boot/initrd.img \
      | cpio -i -d -H newc --no-absolute-filenames
    echo "--- Updating 'waitforroot' time from '$OLDWAIT' to '$WAIT':"
    echo ${WAIT} > wait-for-root
    echo "--- Compressing the initrd image again:"
    chmod 0755 ${IMGDIR}
    find . |cpio -o -H newc |gzip > ${USBMNT}/boot/initrd.img
  cd - 2>/dev/null
  rm -rf $IMGDIR/*
} # End of update_initrd()

#
#  -- end of function definitions --
#

# Parse the commandline parameters:
if [ -z "$1" ]; then
  showhelp
  exit 1
fi
while [ ! -z "$1" ]; do
  case $1 in
    -f|--force)
      FORCE=1
      shift
      ;;
    -h|--help)
      showhelp
      exit
      ;;
    -i|--infile)
      SLISO="$(cd $(dirname $2); pwd)/$(basename $2)"
      shift 2
      ;;
    -o|--outdev)
      TARGET="$2"
      shift 2
      ;;
    -p|--persistence)
      PERSISTENCE="$2"
      shift 2
      ;;
    -u|--unattended)
      UNATTENDED=1
      shift
      ;;
    -v|--verbose)
      VERBOSE=1
      RVERBOSE=" -v --progress "
      shift
      ;;
    -w|--wait)
      WAIT="$2"
      shift 2
      ;;
    *)
      echo "*** Unknown parameter '$1'!"
      exit 1
      ;;
  esac
done

# Before we start:
[ -x /bin/id ] && CMD_ID="/bin/id" || CMD_ID="/usr/bin/id"
if [ "$($CMD_ID -u)" != "0" -a $FORCE -eq 0 ]; then
  echo "*** You need to be root to run $(basename $0)."
  exit 1
fi

# More sanity checks:
if [ -z "$TARGET" -o -z "$SLISO" ]; then
  echo "*** You must specify both the Live ISO filename and the USB devicename!"
  exit 1
fi

if [ ! -f $SLISO -a $FORCE -eq 0 ]; then
  echo "*** This is not a useable file: '$SLISO' !"
  exit 1
fi

if [ ! -b $TARGET -a $FORCE -eq 0 ]; then
  echo "*** Not a block device: '$TARGET' !"
  exit 1
elif [ "$(echo ${TARGET%[0-9]})" != "$TARGET" -a $FORCE -eq 0 ]; then
  echo "*** You need to point to the USB device, not a partition ($TARGET)!"
  exit 1
fi

# Are all the required not-so-common add-on tools present?
PROG_MISSING=""
for PROGN in blkid cpio extlinux fdisk gdisk iso-info mkdosfs sgdisk ; do
  if ! PATH="/sbin:$PATH" which $PROGN 1>/dev/null 2>/dev/null ; then
    PROG_MISSING="${PROG_MISSING}--   $PROGN\n"
  fi
done
if [ ! -z "$PROG_MISSING" ] ; then
  echo "-- Required program(s) not found in root's PATH!"
  echo -e ${PROG_MISSING}
  echo "-- Exiting."
  exit 1
fi

# Confirm wipe:
cat <<EOT
#
# We are going to format this device (erase all data) - '$TARGET':
# Vendor : $(cat /sys/block/$(basename $TARGET)/device/vendor)
# Model  : $(cat /sys/block/$(basename $TARGET)/device/model)
# Size   : $(( $(cat /sys/block/$(basename $TARGET)/size) / 2048)) MB
#
# FDISK OUTPUT:
EOT
echo q |/sbin/gdisk -l $TARGET 2>/dev/null | while read LINE ; do echo "# $LINE" ; done

if [ $UNATTENDED -eq 0 ]; then
  cat <<EOT

***                                                       ***
*** If this is the wrong drive, then press CONTROL-C now! ***
***                                                       ***

EOT
  read -p "Or press ENTER to continue: " JUNK
  # OK... the user was sure about the drive...
fi

# Get the LABEL used for the ISO:
LIVELABEL=$(/sbin/blkid -s LABEL -o value ${SLISO})

# Use sgdisk to wipe and then setup the USB device:
# - 1 MB BIOS boot partition
# - 100 MB EFI system partition
# - Let Slackware have the rest
# - Make the Linux partition "legacy BIOS bootable"
# Make sure that there is no MBR nor a partition table anymore:
dd if=/dev/zero of=$TARGET bs=512 count=1 conv=notrunc
# The first sgdisk command is allowed to have non-zero exit code:
/sbin/sgdisk -og $TARGET || true
/sbin/sgdisk \
  -n 1:2048:4095 -c 1:"BIOS Boot Partition" -t 1:ef02 \
  -n 2:4096:208895 -c 2:"EFI System Partition" -t 2:ef00 \
  -n 3:208896:0 -c 3:"Slackware Linux" -t 3:8300 \
  $TARGET
/sbin/sgdisk -A 3:set:2 $TARGET
# Show what we did to the USB stick:
/sbin/sgdisk -p -A 3:show $TARGET

# Create filesystems:
# Not enough clusters for a 32 bit FAT:
/sbin/mkdosfs -s 2 -n "DOS" ${TARGET}1
/sbin/mkdosfs -F32 -s 2 -n "EFI" ${TARGET}2
# KDE tends to automount.. so try an umount:
if /sbin/mount |grep -qw ${TARGET}3 ; then /sbin/umount ${TARGET}3 || true ; fi
/sbin/mkfs.ext4 -F -F -L "${LIVELABEL}" -m 0 ${TARGET}3
/sbin/tune2fs -c 0 -i 0 ${TARGET}3

# Create temporary mount points for the ISO file:
mkdir -p /mnt
EFIMNT=$(mktemp -d -p /mnt -t alienefi.XXXXXX)
if [ ! -d $EFIMNT ]; then
  echo "*** Failed to create a temporary mount point for the ISO!"
  exit 1
else
  chmod 711 $EFIMNT
fi
ISOMNT=$(mktemp -d -p /mnt -t alieniso.XXXXXX)
if [ ! -d $ISOMNT ]; then
  echo "*** Failed to create a temporary mount point for the ISO!"
  exit 1
else
  chmod 711 $ISOMNT
fi

# Find out if the ISO contains an EFI bootloader and use it:
EFIBOOT=0
EFIOFFSET=$(/sbin/fdisk -lu ${SLISO} 2>/dev/null |grep EFI |tr -s ' ' | cut -d' ' -f 2)
if [ -n "$EFIOFFSET" ]; then
  # Mount the EFI partition so we can retrieve the EFI bootloader:
  /sbin/mount -o loop,offset=$((512*$EFIOFFSET))  ${SLISO} ${EFIMNT}
  if [ ! -f ${EFIMNT}/EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi ]; then
    echo "-- Note: UEFI boot file 'bootx64.efi' not found on ISO."
    echo "-- UEFI boot will not be supported"
  else
    EFIBOOT=1
  fi
fi

# Create a temporary mount point for the USB device:
mkdir -p /mnt
USBMNT=$(mktemp -d -p /mnt -t alienusb.XXXXXX)
if [ ! -d $USBMNT ]; then
  echo "*** Failed to create a temporary mount point for the USB device!"
  exit 1
else
  chmod 711 $USBMNT
fi

# Loop-mount the ISO (or 1st partition if this is a hybrid ISO):
/sbin/mount -o loop ${SLISO} ${ISOMNT}

if [ $EFIBOOT -eq 1 ]; then
  # Mount the EFI partition and copy /EFI as well as /boot directories into it:
  /sbin/mount -t vfat -o shortname=mixed ${TARGET}2 ${USBMNT}
  mkdir -p ${USBMNT}/EFI/BOOT
  rsync -rlptD ${ISOMNT}/EFI/BOOT/* ${USBMNT}/EFI/BOOT/
  mkdir -p ${USBMNT}/boot
  rsync -rlptD ${ISOMNT}/boot/* ${USBMNT}/boot/
  # Add more USB WAIT seconds to the initrd:
  update_initrd ${USBMNT}/boot/initrd.img
fi

# No longer needed:
/sbin/umount ${USBMNT}
/sbin/umount ${EFIMNT}

# Mount the Linux partition:
/sbin/mount -t auto ${TARGET}3 ${USBMNT}

# Copy the ISO content into the USB Linux partition:
echo "--- Copying files from ISO to USB... takes some time."
rsync -a ${RVERBOSE} --exclude=EFI ${ISOMNT}/* ${USBMNT}/

# Write down the version of the ISO image:
VERSION=$(iso-info ${SLISO} |grep Application |cut -d: -f2- 2>/dev/null)
if [ -n "$VERSION" ]; then
  echo "$VERSION" > ${USBMNT}/.isoversion
fi

# Add more USB WAIT seconds to the initrd:
update_initrd ${USBMNT}/boot/initrd.img

# Create persistence directory:
mkdir -p ${USBMNT}/${PERSISTENCE}

# Use extlinux to make the USB device bootable:
echo "--- Making the USB drive '$TARGET' bootable using extlinux..."
mv ${USBMNT}/boot/syslinux ${USBMNT}/boot/extlinux
mv ${USBMNT}/boot/extlinux/isolinux.cfg ${USBMNT}/boot/extlinux/extlinux.conf
rm ${USBMNT}/boot/extlinux/isolinux.*
/sbin/extlinux --install ${USBMNT}/boot/extlinux

# Unmount/remove stuff:
cleanup

# Install a GPT compatible MBR record:
if [ -f /usr/share/syslinux/gptmbr.bin ]; then
  cat /usr/share/syslinux/gptmbr.bin > ${TARGET}
else
  echo "*** Failed to make USB device bootable - 'gptmbr.bin' not found!"
  exit 1 
fi

# THE END